According to researchers in the journal Breathe "The greater oxygen cost of breathing in women means that a greater fraction of total oxygen uptake and cardiac output is directed to the respiratory muscles, influencing exercise performance." Males have physiologically wider airways due to testosterone exposure.
Testosterone exposure during puberty increases present and future exercise performance and muscle stamina, and muscle stamina is influenced by oxygen consumption. The article concludes "values for strength, and muscle area in transwomen remain above those of women, even after 36 months of hormone therapy." While synthetic estrogen and anti-testosterone pharmaceuticals have been shown to slightly decrease these parameters-and even if normal male testosterone levels are absent at the time of competition-inborn advantages from the latent effects of a lifetime of testosterone persist.
#Masse swimmer plus#
It shows that biological males have advantages in muscle mass, lean body mass, muscle strength, and two measurements of endurance (hemoglobin and hematocrit), plus the indirect measures of efficacy of oxygenation transportation and delivery. Kathryn Riley/Getty ImagesĪ recent review of two dozen medical studies published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine explains the athletic advantages of XY chromosomes at a cellular level. One doesn't have to be a specially trained FDA drug safety expert to know that using pharmacology to fight the biological programming of trillions of nucleated cells in the human body is going to have serious consequences.ĬAMBRIDGE, MA - FEBRUARY 18: University of Pennsylvania swimmer Lia Thomas smiles on the podium after winning the 200 yard freestyle during the 2022 Ivy League Women's Swimming and Diving Championships at Blodgett Pool on Februin Cambridge, Massachusetts. This admission made clear OPA's dereliction of its duty to science. Recently, however, even the scientifically pliant FDA has warned the drugs can cause life-threatening brain swelling, headaches, vomiting, a host of visual disturbances (including blindness), and tumor-like masses in the brain. This physiological difference cannot be suppressed by any amount of synthetic hormones or "puberty blockers"-known scientifically as "gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists." HHS's Office of Population Affairs (OPA) says their use in children is " safe" and "reversible" in its widely touted official, final guidance document. Indeed, sex is not just "skin deep." It persists down to a microscopic, cellular level, and biological sex is indicated within the 100 trillion (or so) cells in the human body.īottom line: the indelible imprint of biological sex-determined in utero and at the moment of conception-is not scientifically or clinically possible to alter. These nucleated cells in turn have sex-specific functions which guide their development and biological function. These bifurcating pathways endure throughout an individual's lifetime.Įvery single nucleated cell in the human body has 46 sex-specific "XY" chromosomes (denoting biological male sex) or "XX" chromosomes (denoting biological female sex). Following conception, the development pathways of males and females diverge immediately and substantially, right down to a cellular DNA level. There is no argument that a person's sex is determined at the moment of conception, and that fertilization of an egg occurs with either an "X" or "Y" sperm cell, which will only determine one of two sexes.
Having colleges or even the Olympics permit biological men to compete in women's sports is one thing pretending that it is fair, is something else.
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